Pig and poultry farming activities are growing very rapidly. These production systems generate large amounts of organic waste. In Brazil, about 8 million tons of poultry litter and more than 100 million m3 of pig slurry are produced annually.
These residues combined contain about 680 thousand tons of nitrogen (N), 660 thousand tons of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and 440 thousand tons of potassium oxide (K2O), which represent approximately 27%, 21% and 12% of the annual total consumption of N, P and K by Brazilian agriculture, respectively.
The technology of solid or fluid organomineral fertilizers represents a promising alternative, both for the safe disposal of animal waste, and for obtaining highly efficient fertilizers.
Commercial phosphate fertilizers available on the market have high solubility and a high rate of fixation in Brazilian soils. The organomineral fertilizer, compared to the mineral, has a relatively lower reactive chemical potential, but its solubilization is gradual during the development period of the crop, when the agronomic efficiency can become greater when compared with the soluble mineral fertilizers.
The transformed organic matter, rich in humic substances, has the property of increasing the availability of negative charges in the region of phosphate release from organomineral fertilizers, which can make this nutrient more available to the roots of plants.
The increase in phosphorus solubility with the presence of organic matter is due to the following explanations:
• formation of phosphoric complexes, which are more assimilable by plants
• anionic exchange of phosphate for human ion
• coating of the sesquioxide particles by the humus, forming a protective covering, which reduces the soil’s ability to fix phosphate
Source: Embrapa
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